External stimuli are the physical influences applied to a solid from its surroundings, such as forces, moments, temperature changes, or electromagnetic fields. These inputs cause the solid to respond through stresses, strains, or deformations.
Lessons
Mathematics forms the backbone of understanding solids and structural engineering. Key topics include algebra, calculus, and differential equations, which help analyze stress, strain, and deformation in materials. Vector and matrix operations are crucial for solving problems in structural mechanics, while linear algebra assists in studying stability and equilibrium.
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